Bubble Echocardiogram
A bubble echocardiogram — sometimes called a “bubble study” — is a specialised type of ultrasound scan that uses tiny, harmless bubbles to help detect small openings between the chambers of the heart. It is a safe, painless, and straightforward variation of a standard echocardiogram, providing your cardiologist with detailed information about the internal structure of your heart.
Why is it performed?
This test is often carried out to check for a patent foramen ovale (PFO) — a small flap-like hole that sometimes remains open after birth — or other minor defects in the heart wall.
These small openings can, in some cases, contribute to unexplained strokes or other circulatory issues, particularly in younger patients.
By visualising the movement of the bubbles, the test helps your cardiologist determine whether there is any abnormal communication between the heart’s chambers.
What does the test involve?
A small cannula (a thin tube) is placed into a vein in your arm. During the echocardiogram, a saline solution mixed with a tiny amount of air is gently injected through this cannula, creating microscopic bubbles that are visible on the ultrasound.
As the bubbles pass through your heart, the cardiologist watches to see whether any move between the chambers — which would suggest a small opening.
You may be asked to perform certain manoeuvres, such as the Valsalva manoeuvre (briefly straining as if blowing up a balloon), to make it easier to detect any small holes in the heart wall.
- Preparation & Positioning
- During the Scan:
A saline and air mixture is injected, creating tiny bubbles that flow through your heart and are seen on the ultrasound. You may be asked to briefly hold your breath or perform a gentle strain to help reveal any small openings.
- Safety & Comfort:
The bubbles dissolve naturally within seconds and cause no discomfort. The procedure is entirely safe, painless, and you can continue your normal activities immediately afterwards.
After the test
The bubbles are completely harmless and disappear within seconds without causing any symptoms. You can return to normal activities immediately after the procedure.
A bubble echocardiogram is very safe and provides valuable insight into the heart’s structure and function, helping your cardiologist determine whether further investigations or treatment are required.
