Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation is a condition in which the aortic valve does not close completely, allowing some blood to leak back into the heart after each beat. Instead of all the blood flowing forward into the aorta, a portion returns to the left ventricle, increasing the volume the heart must handle. Over time, this extra workload can put significant strain on the heart muscle, which tries to compensate by enlarging. As the condition progresses, the heart may gradually weaken if the leakage worsens. Early diagnosis helps ensure the condition is monitored carefully and treated at the right time.
Why does it happen?
This condition can develop for several different reasons, often progressing slowly over many years.Ageing is one of the most common causes, as natural wear and tear can prevent the valve from sealing properly.
Previous infections affecting the heart valve, such as endocarditis, can also damage its structure and lead to leakage. Rheumatic disease, although less common, may similarly affect how the valve opens and closes. Conditions that cause the aorta to widen or change shape can also interfere with the valve’s function. These various factors may gradually result in more pronounced valve leakage over time.
What are the symptoms?
Some people may experience symptoms gradually, while others remain symptom-free for many years. When they do occur, symptoms can include:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Chest discomfort
It is important to pay attention to these signs, especially if they worsen with activity or appear suddenly, as this may indicate advancing valve dysfunction requiring prompt assessment.
How is it diagnosed?
Aortic regurgitation is important to recognise because the heart must continually work harder to manage the extra blood returning with each beat. This causes the left ventricle to stretch and enlarge, initially helping maintain normal circulation. Over time, however, this adaptation can weaken the heart muscle and reduce its ability to pump effectively. If the condition remains untreated once it becomes severe, it may lead to breathlessness, reduced stamina, or heart failure. Close monitoring helps ensure that treatment can be offered at the right time to protect long-term heart health.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on how severe the leakage is and how well the heart is coping with the increased workload. Mild cases may not need immediate intervention and can often be safely monitored through regular check-ups and heart scans.
When the condition becomes more advanced, treatment usually involves repairing or replacing the aortic valve to restore normal blood flow. Surgical valve replacement is the traditional approach, offering excellent long-term results.
In selected patients, a less invasive transcatheter procedure such as TAVI may be an option. Your cardiologist will help determine the best treatment based on your symptoms and overall health.
frequently asked questions
Can aortic regurgitation improve on its own?
No, aortic regurgitation does not improve naturally because the leakage is caused by structural changes to the valve. While symptoms can be managed, the valve issue itself usually progresses over time and needs monitoring.
How is aortic regurgitation diagnosed?
It is primarily diagnosed with an echocardiogram, which shows how well the valve is closing and how the heart is coping. Your cardiologist may also use an ECG, blood tests, or a CT scan for additional detail.
When is treatment needed for aortic regurgitation?
Treatment is recommended when the leakage becomes severe or when the heart begins to enlarge or weaken. At this stage, valve repair or replacement is usually advised to prevent long-term complications.
Results and Next Steps
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You can contact us to book an appointment, discuss our services, or request further information about your condition or treatment options. We aim to make every step of your journey as straightforward and reassuring as possible.